Observations (ISO 19156, OGC/W3C SOSA)

The SOSA (Sensor, Observation, Sample, and Actuator) ontology is a realisation of the Observations, Measurements and Sampling (OMS) Conceptual model. See the `oms-alignment` building block for the class-by-class mapping to ISO 19156:2023.

OMS alignment: `sosa:Actuation` is a SOSA/SSN generalization with no direct ISO 19156 (OMS) counterpart, since actuation is outside the scope of O&M/OMS, which standardizes observation and sampling only; see the OMS alignment building block (`ogc.sosa.oms-alignment`). This building block defines a GeoJSON feature for a SOSA Actuation - the Act of carrying out an Actuating Procedure to change the state of the world via an Actuator. Uses the properties defined in the Actuation Properties schema.

OMS alignment: `sosa:ActuationCollection` is a SOSA/SSN generalization with no direct ISO 19156 (OMS) counterpart, since actuation is outside the scope of O&M/OMS, which standardizes observation and sampling only; see the OMS alignment building block (`ogc.sosa.oms-alignment`). This building block defines the set of a GeoJSON FeatureCollection containing a SOSA ActuationCollection - a collection of one or more Actuations, whose members share a common value for one or more properties.

OMS alignment: `sosa:Actuator` is a SOSA/SSN generalization with no direct ISO 19156 (OMS) counterpart, since actuation is outside the scope of O&M/OMS, which standardizes observation and sampling only; see the OMS alignment building block (`ogc.sosa.oms-alignment`). This building block defines a GeoJSON feature for a SOSA Actuator - a System that is used by, or implements, an Actuating Procedure that changes the state of the world. Uses the properties defined in the Actuator Properties schema.

OMS alignment: `sosa:Asset` is a SOSA/SSN generalization with no direct ISO 19156 (OMS) counterpart; the nearest OMS concept is `obs-cpt/Host`, but OMS does not generalize hosting this broadly. See the OMS alignment building block (`ogc.sosa.oms-alignment`). This building block defines a GeoJSON feature containing a SOSA Asset - the abstract physical or virtual entity that can be hosted, deployed, or host/deploy other Assets, using the properties defined in the Asset Properties schema. It generalizes the feature-level building blocks shared by System and Platform and is not intended to be used directly by itself.

OMS alignment: implements the ISO 19156:2023 (OGC Topic 20 / O&M 3.0) `obs-cpt/Deployment` requirement class for `sosa:Deployment`. This building block defines a GeoJSON feature containing a SOSA Deployment, using the properties defined in the Deployment Properties schema.

OMS alignment: `sosa:Execution` is a SOSA/SSN generalization with no direct ISO 19156 (OMS) counterpart; OMS has no abstract superclass unifying Observation, Actuation and Sampling. See the OMS alignment building block (`ogc.sosa.oms-alignment`). This building block defines a GeoJSON feature containing a SOSA Execution - the abstract act of carrying out a Procedure using a System, using the properties defined in the Execution Properties schema. It generalizes the feature-level building blocks shared by Observation, Actuation and Sampling and is not intended to be used directly by itself.

OMS alignment: `sosa:ExecutionCollection` is a SOSA/SSN generalization with no direct ISO 19156 (OMS) counterpart, generalizing ObservationCollection, ActuationCollection and SamplingCollection, none of which OMS treats uniformly. See the OMS alignment building block (`ogc.sosa.oms-alignment`). This building block defines a GeoJSON FeatureCollection containing a SOSA ExecutionCollection - the abstract collection of Executions, using the properties defined in the ExecutionCollection Properties schema. It generalizes the feature-level building blocks shared by ObservationCollection, ActuationCollection and SamplingCollection and is not intended to be used directly by itself.

OMS alignment: implements the ISO 19156:2023 (OGC Topic 20 / O&M 3.0) `obs-cpt/Observation` requirement class for `sosa:Observation`. This building blocks defines a GeoJSON feature containing a SOSA Observation, using the properties defined in the Observation Properties schema

OMS alignment: implements the ISO 19156:2023 (OGC Topic 20 / O&M 3.0) `obs-basic/ObservationCollection` requirement class for `sosa:ObservationCollection`. This building blocks defines an ObservationCollection Feature according to the SOSA/SSN v1.1 specification.

OMS alignment: implements the ISO 19156:2023 (OGC Topic 20 / O&M 3.0) `obs-cpt/Host` requirement class for `sosa:Platform`. This building block defines a GeoJSON feature containing a SOSA Platform - an Asset that hosts other Assets - using the properties defined in the Platform Properties schema.

OMS alignment: implements the ISO 19156:2023 (OGC Topic 20 / O&M 3.0) `sam-cpt/Sample` requirement class for `sosa:Sample`. This building block defines a GeoJSON feature containing a SOSA Sample, using the properties defined in the Sample Properties schema.

OMS alignment: implements the ISO 19156:2023 (OGC Topic 20 / O&M 3.0) `sam-basic/SampleCollection` requirement class for `sosa:SampleCollection`. This building block defines a GeoJSON FeatureCollection containing a SOSA SampleCollection, using the properties defined in the SampleCollection Properties schema.

OMS alignment: implements the ISO 19156:2023 (OGC Topic 20 / O&M 3.0) `sam-cpt/Sampler` requirement class for `sosa:Sampler`. This building block defines a GeoJSON feature for a SOSA Sampler - a System that is used by, or implements, a Sampling Procedure to create or transform one or more samples. Uses the properties defined in the Sampler Properties schema.

OMS alignment: implements the ISO 19156:2023 (OGC Topic 20 / O&M 3.0) `sam-cpt/Sampling` requirement class for `sosa:Sampling`. This building block defines a GeoJSON feature for a SOSA Sampling - the Act of carrying out a Sampling Procedure to create or transform one or more samples. Uses the properties defined in the Sampling Properties schema.

OMS alignment: `sosa:SamplingCollection` is a SOSA/SSN generalization with no direct ISO 19156 (OMS) counterpart; OMS defines no dedicated sampling-collection requirement class. See the OMS alignment building block (`ogc.sosa.oms-alignment`). This building block defines the set of a GeoJSON FeatureCollection containing a SOSA SamplingCollection - a collection of one or more Samplings, whose members share a common value for one or more properties.

OMS alignment: implements the ISO 19156:2023 (OGC Topic 20 / O&M 3.0) `obs-cpt/Observer` requirement class for `sosa:Sensor` - the ISO 19156:2023 UML class is named `Observer`; SOSA keeps the name `Sensor` for backward compatibility. This building block defines a GeoJSON feature containing a SOSA Sensor - a System that implements, or is used by, a Sensing/Observing Procedure - using the properties defined in the Sensor Properties schema.

OMS alignment: `sosa:System` is a SOSA/SSN generalization with no direct ISO 19156 (OMS) counterpart; OMS keeps `Observer` and `Sampler` as unrelated peers rather than subclasses of a common superclass. See the OMS alignment building block (`ogc.sosa.oms-alignment`). This building block defines a GeoJSON feature containing a SOSA System - the abstract Asset that carries out Procedures, using the properties defined in the System Properties schema. It generalizes the feature-level building blocks shared by Sensor, Actuator and Sampler and is not intended to be used directly by itself.

Documents, class by class, how the SOSA-based building blocks in this register realize the ISO 19156:2023 Observations, Measurements and Samples (OMS) conceptual model, and identifies which building blocks are SOSA/SSN generalizations with no direct OMS counterpart.

OMS alignment: `sosa:Actuation` is a SOSA/SSN generalization with no direct ISO 19156 (OMS) counterpart, since actuation is outside the scope of O&M/OMS, which standardizes observation and sampling only; see the OMS alignment building block (`ogc.sosa.oms-alignment`). This building block defines the set of properties for a SOSA Actuation - the Act of carrying out an Actuating Procedure to change the state of the world via an Actuator.

OMS alignment: `sosa:ActuationCollection` is a SOSA/SSN generalization with no direct ISO 19156 (OMS) counterpart, since actuation is outside the scope of O&M/OMS, which standardizes observation and sampling only; see the OMS alignment building block (`ogc.sosa.oms-alignment`). This building block defines the set of properties for a SOSA ActuationCollection - a collection of one or more Actuations, whose members share a common value for one or more properties.

OMS alignment: `sosa:Actuator` is a SOSA/SSN generalization with no direct ISO 19156 (OMS) counterpart, since actuation is outside the scope of O&M/OMS, which standardizes observation and sampling only; see the OMS alignment building block (`ogc.sosa.oms-alignment`). This building block defines the set of properties for a SOSA Actuator - a System that is used by, or implements, an Actuating Procedure that changes the state of the world.

OMS alignment: `sosa:Asset` is a SOSA/SSN generalization with no direct ISO 19156 (OMS) counterpart; the nearest OMS concept is `obs-cpt/Host`, but OMS does not generalize hosting this broadly. See the OMS alignment building block (`ogc.sosa.oms-alignment`). This building block defines the set of properties common to any SOSA Asset - the abstract physical or virtual entity that can be hosted, deployed, or host/deploy other Assets. It generalizes the properties shared by System and Platform and is not intended to be used directly by itself.

OMS alignment: implements the ISO 19156:2023 (OGC Topic 20 / O&M 3.0) `obs-cpt/Deployment` requirement class for `sosa:Deployment`. This building block defines the set of properties for a SOSA Deployment - the arrangement of one or more Assets to execute Procedures with respect to designated features of interest, typically for a period of time.

OMS alignment: `sosa:Execution` is a SOSA/SSN generalization with no direct ISO 19156 (OMS) counterpart; OMS has no abstract superclass unifying Observation, Actuation and Sampling. See the OMS alignment building block (`ogc.sosa.oms-alignment`). This building block defines the set of properties common to any SOSA Execution - the abstract act of carrying out a Procedure using a System. It generalizes the properties shared by Observation, Actuation and Sampling and is not intended to be used directly by itself.

OMS alignment: `sosa:ExecutionCollection` is a SOSA/SSN generalization with no direct ISO 19156 (OMS) counterpart, generalizing ObservationCollection, ActuationCollection and SamplingCollection, none of which OMS treats uniformly. See the OMS alignment building block (`ogc.sosa.oms-alignment`). This building block defines the set of properties common to any SOSA ExecutionCollection - the abstract collection of Executions (Observations, Actuations, or Samplings). It generalizes ObservationCollection, ActuationCollection and SamplingCollection and is not intended to be used directly by itself.

OMS alignment: implements the ISO 19156:2023 (OGC Topic 20 / O&M 3.0) `obs-cpt/Observation` requirement class for `sosa:Observation`. This building block defines the set of properties for an observation according to the SOSA/SSN specification. These properties may be directly included into a root element of a JSON object or used in the properties container of a GeoJSON feature.

OMS alignment: implements the ISO 19156:2023 (OGC Topic 20 / O&M 3.0) `obs-cpt/Observation` requirement class for `sosa:Observation`, under an Open World Assumption profile. This is set of properties defined by the SOSA ontology, assuming a "Open World Assumption" where mandatory properties may be provided by other related objects.

OMS alignment: implements the ISO 19156:2023 (OGC Topic 20 / O&M 3.0) `obs-basic/ObservationCollection` requirement class for `sosa:ObservationCollection`. This building block defines an ObservationCollection according to the SOSA/SSN v1.1 specification. It defines a set of logical rules regarding presence of mandatory properties anywhere within a potentially nested collection hierarchy. (implemented in SHACL, exploiting the semantic mapping to SOSA)

OMS alignment: implements the ISO 19156:2023 (OGC Topic 20 / O&M 3.0) `obs-cpt/Host` requirement class for `sosa:Platform`. This building block defines the set of properties for an observation Platform according to the SOSA/SSN specification. These properties may be directly included into a root element of a JSON object or used in the properties container of a GeoJSON feature.

OMS alignment: implements the ISO 19156:2023 (OGC Topic 20 / O&M 3.0) `sam-cpt/Sample` requirement class for `sosa:Sample`. This building block defines the set of properties for a SOSA Sample - a feature which is intended to be representative of a FeatureOfInterest on which Observations may be made, typically the result of a Sampling.

OMS alignment: implements the ISO 19156:2023 (OGC Topic 20 / O&M 3.0) `sam-basic/SampleCollection` requirement class for `sosa:SampleCollection`. This building block defines the set of properties for a SOSA SampleCollection - a collection of one or more Samples, whose members share a common value for one or more properties.

OMS alignment: implements the ISO 19156:2023 (OGC Topic 20 / O&M 3.0) `sam-cpt/Sampler` requirement class for `sosa:Sampler`. This building block defines the set of properties for a SOSA Sampler - a System that is used by, or implements, a Sampling Procedure to create or transform one or more samples.

OMS alignment: implements the ISO 19156:2023 (OGC Topic 20 / O&M 3.0) `sam-cpt/Sampling` requirement class for `sosa:Sampling`. This building block defines the set of properties for a SOSA Sampling - the Act of carrying out a Sampling Procedure to create or transform one or more samples.

OMS alignment: `sosa:SamplingCollection` is a SOSA/SSN generalization with no direct ISO 19156 (OMS) counterpart; OMS defines no dedicated sampling-collection requirement class. See the OMS alignment building block (`ogc.sosa.oms-alignment`). This building block defines the set of properties for a SOSA SamplingCollection - a collection of one or more Samplings, whose members share a common value for one or more properties.

OMS alignment: implements the ISO 19156:2023 (OGC Topic 20 / O&M 3.0) `obs-cpt/Observer` requirement class for `sosa:Sensor` - the ISO 19156:2023 UML class is named `Observer`; SOSA keeps the name `Sensor` for backward compatibility. An identifiable entity that can generate Observations pertaining to an ObservableProperty by implementing an ObservingProcedure. Device, agent (including humans), or software (simulation) involved in, or implementing, a Procedure. Sensors respond to a stimulus, e.g., a change in the environment, or input data composed from the results of prior Observations, and generate a Result. Sensors can be hosted by Platforms.

OMS alignment: `sosa:System` is a SOSA/SSN generalization with no direct ISO 19156 (OMS) counterpart; OMS keeps `Observer` and `Sampler` as unrelated peers rather than subclasses of a common superclass. See the OMS alignment building block (`ogc.sosa.oms-alignment`). This building block defines the set of properties common to any SOSA System - the abstract Asset that carries out Procedures (Observations, Actuations, or Samplings). It generalizes the properties shared by Sensor, Actuator and Sampler and is not intended to be used directly by itself.

This BuildingBlock adds test cases from the SOSA specification to the base Observation properties model